Ian Williams and Tom Karako, North Korea’s New Missiles on Parade, (Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2017).

Julian Ryall, Gabriel Dominguez and Neil Gibson, “North Korea releases footage of SLBM launch,” IHS Jane’s Defence Weekly, August 25, 2016,.

Jeffrey Lewis, “DPRK SLBM Test,” Arms Control Wonk, May 13, 2015, Ankit Panda, “How Far Along Are North Korea’s Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missiles?” The Diplomat, January 11, 2016, Ankit Panda, “How We Know North Korea’s Latest SLBM Test Was a Likely Dud,” The Diplomat, January 14, 2016.

Kim Tae-woo, “North Korea’s SLBMs: China’s Role and South Korea’s Dilemma,” The Diplomat, September 7, 2016.

James Kim, “Not Much Below the Surface? North Korea’s Nuclear Program and the New SLBM,” Federation of American Scientists, Summer/Fall 2015, Volume 68, Number 3, Michael Elleman, “From Under the Sea: North Korea’s Latest Missile Test,” 38 North, June 3, 2015, The range and apogee of its August 24, 2016 flight test indicate that the missile’s range is approximately 1,200 km. Early variants of the missile reportedly incorporated a liquid-fueled rocket motor, which was replaced by a solid-fueled system in 2016. The missile is estimated to be roughly 9 m long and 1.5 m in diameter. The Pukguksong-1 is a two-stage, solid-fueled ballistic missile employed on North Korea’s Sinpo-class submarine.

North Korea first displayed the missile on parade on April 15, 2017. In an Augtest, the Pukguksong-1 flew 500 km and into Japan’s air defense identification zone, “indicating technical improvements compared to previous tests.” 4. It is unclear whether the test intentionally limited the missile’s flight envelope or whether it was intended to travel further. On April 23, 2016, the Pukguksong-1 completed its first successful flight test, flying 30 km from the coastal city of Sinpo. In two additional launch tests, both unsuccessful, took place in November and December 2015. intelligence reports, North Korea launched the missile from a submersible barge as a test of the weapon’s compressed-gas ejection system. North Korea first began ejection testing the Pukguksong-1 in October 2014 and released imagery of the system’s early flight tests in May 2015. Pukguksong-1 (KN-11) at a Glance Originated from North Korea Alternate names KN-11, Pukkuksong-11, Bukgeukseong-1 Possessed by North Korea Class Submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) Basing Submarine-launched Length 9 m Diameter 1.5 m Propulsion Two-stage, solid propellant

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